Coding fundamentals encompass the basic principles and concepts that form the foundation of programming. At its core, coding involves writing instructions for computers to execute, which is done through programming languages. These languages allow coders to communicate with machines effectively, translating human ideas into a format that computers can understand.

One of the essential components of coding is algorithms, which are sets of instructions that dictate how a specific task should be performed. For instance, when you press the power button on a smartphone, an algorithm is executed to turn the device on or off. Additionally, coding can be categorized into various forms, such as scripting, which involves writing scripts in specific languages that are interpreted by other programs, and programming, which refers to writing in more complex programming languages.

Understanding the different programming languages and their specific applications is crucial, as each language is designed for particular tasks, making communication with computers more efficient and effective ¹.