Data serialization is the process of converting structured data into a format that can be easily shared or stored, allowing for the recovery of its original structure later. This technique is essential in various applications, as it enables data to be transmitted over networks, saved in databases, or written to files. Serialization can take different forms, such as flat or nested structures, and commonly uses formats like JSON and XML, which are human-readable. The primary goal is to facilitate data exchange between systems while minimizing size for efficient storage and bandwidth usage ¹².