Design patterns are standardized solutions to common problems encountered in software design. They serve as templates or blueprints that help developers address specific design challenges efficiently. By utilizing design patterns, programmers can create more maintainable and scalable code, saving time and effort in the development process. Design patterns are categorized into three main groups: creational, structural, and behavioral, each serving a unique purpose in software architecture. Understanding and applying these patterns can significantly enhance the quality of software design, making it easier to manage and adapt to changing requirements.