Event sourcing patterns are architectural strategies that focus on persisting the full history of a domain as a sequence of events, rather than just storing the current state. This approach allows for a comprehensive audit trail, enabling the reconstruction of application state at any point in time by replaying the recorded events. Event sourcing is particularly beneficial in complex and dynamic domains, where changes are frequent and need to be tracked meticulously. By utilizing an append-only log for data changes, event sourcing enhances debugging, supports alternative histories, and simplifies certain domain models, making it a valuable pattern in modern software architecture.