File operations are essential tasks in computer programming that involve managing data stored in files. These operations include opening, reading, writing, and closing files, allowing programs to interact with data efficiently. In languages like Python, file operations are performed using built-in functions such as open(), read(), and write(). Understanding file operations is crucial for data manipulation, as it enables developers to create, modify, and retrieve information from files seamlessly. Mastering these operations is a foundational skill for anyone working in software development, data science, or any field that requires data handling.