Java memory management is a crucial aspect of the Java programming language, primarily handled by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM is responsible for executing Java programs and managing memory allocation and reclamation efficiently. At the core of this system is garbage collection, which automates the process of memory management by identifying and reclaiming memory occupied by objects that are no longer referenced by the program.

Garbage collection works by periodically scanning the heap memory, where dynamically created objects reside. When an object is no longer needed, the garbage collector frees up the memory it occupied, allowing it to be reused for new objects. Understanding the different garbage collection algorithms is essential for optimizing memory usage and enhancing application performance ²³.

Additionally, developers should be aware of memory leaks, which occur when objects are unintentionally retained in memory, preventing garbage collection. By writing efficient code and understanding memory management principles, developers can ensure their Java applications run smoothly and efficiently ³⁴.