Multiprocessing in Python is a powerful technique that allows developers to execute multiple processes simultaneously, leveraging the full potential of multi-core processors. By utilizing the built-in multiprocessing module, Python enables the creation and management of separate processes, each with its own memory space. This is particularly beneficial for computation-intensive tasks, such as training machine learning models or processing large datasets. Unlike multithreading, where threads share memory and can lead to complications, multiprocessing ensures that each process operates independently, making it ideal for tasks that require complete isolation and parallel execution.