Multiprocessing in Python is a powerful technique that allows developers to execute multiple processes simultaneously, leveraging the full potential of multi-core CPUs. Unlike traditional single-threaded execution, where tasks are processed sequentially, multiprocessing enables independent processes to run concurrently, each with its own memory space. This is particularly beneficial for computation-intensive tasks, such as data analysis or training machine learning models, where performance can be significantly improved. The Python multiprocessing module provides a straightforward interface for creating and managing these processes, making it easier to parallelize workloads and enhance application efficiency.