Database normalization is a systematic approach to organizing data in a relational database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. This process involves structuring a database’s tables and columns according to specific rules, ensuring that dependencies are properly managed. Proposed by Edgar F. Codd, normalization helps maintain data accuracy and consistency, making databases more efficient and easier to manage. By applying normalization techniques, developers can create a robust database design that minimizes data anomalies and enhances overall performance, ultimately leading to a more reliable data management system.