NumPy, short for Numerical Python, is a powerful open-source library in Python that is essential for scientific computing and data analysis. It provides a robust framework for creating and manipulating multidimensional arrays and matrices, enabling efficient numerical operations. At the core of NumPy is the ndarray (N-dimensional array) object, which allows for fast and flexible data handling. With a wide array of mathematical functions, NumPy supports operations such as linear algebra, statistical analysis, and Fourier transforms. Its efficiency and ease of use make it a fundamental tool for researchers, data scientists, and engineers alike.