Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses “objects” to represent data and methods to manipulate that data. It is designed to model real-world entities and their interactions, making it easier to create modular and reusable code. Key concepts of OOP include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Encapsulation involves bundling the data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit or class, which helps protect the data from unauthorized access. Inheritance allows a new class to inherit properties and methods from an existing class, promoting code reuse. Polymorphism enables methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon, enhancing flexibility.

While OOP provides a robust framework for software development, it is essential to understand its advanced concepts and practical applications to fully leverage its benefits. Many educational programs focus on the basics, often overlooking these critical aspects ⁵.