Operators in Python are special symbols or keywords that perform specific operations on variables and values. They are essential for manipulating data and controlling the flow of execution in a program. Python provides a variety of operators, including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, identity, membership, and bitwise operators. Each type serves a unique purpose, from performing mathematical calculations to evaluating conditions and manipulating data structures. Understanding how to use these operators effectively is crucial for writing efficient and readable code, making them a fundamental concept in Python programming.