Reactive programming is a programming paradigm that emphasizes asynchronous, non-blocking, and event-driven data processing. Unlike traditional blocking models, where operations wait for responses, reactive programming allows applications to handle multiple events and data streams simultaneously, enhancing responsiveness and scalability. This approach is particularly beneficial in scenarios involving high-load systems, such as web applications and real-time data processing. By modeling data and events as streams, developers can create applications that react to changes in real-time, making it easier to manage complex interactions and improve overall performance. Libraries like RxJava and Project Reactor are commonly used to implement reactive programming in various programming languages.