Software testing is a critical process in software development that involves evaluating a software system to ensure it meets specified requirements and is free of bugs. It can be performed manually or through automated tools, and it is essential for identifying errors in the code as the program is executed. This process not only helps in revealing bugs but also demonstrates the absence of errors, contributing to the overall quality of the software ³.

Historically, testing was often considered an afterthought, with tests being written after the design and coding phases were completed. This approach could lead to significant design flaws being discovered late in the development cycle, making it more challenging and costly to address them. To counter this, methodologies like test-driven development (TDD) have emerged, where tests are created before the actual application code is written. This proactive approach ensures that testing is integrated into the development process from the beginning, enhancing the reliability and robustness of the software ¹².

In summary, effective software testing requires creativity and skill, similar to programming itself, and is vital for delivering high-quality software products.