Sorting algorithms are fundamental techniques in computer science used to arrange elements in a specific order, typically in ascending or descending sequence. They play a crucial role in data organization, making it easier to search, analyze, and manage large datasets. Various sorting algorithms exist, each with unique characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. Common examples include Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, and Quick Sort. The choice of a sorting algorithm can significantly impact performance, especially with large datasets, as different algorithms have varying time complexities and efficiency based on the data structure and size involved.