Surveys and sampling are essential methodologies in data collection, widely used in research to gather insights about populations. A survey systematically gathers information from a sample of individuals, aiming to describe the attributes of a larger population. Sampling involves selecting a subset of individuals from a population to represent the whole, ensuring that the sample is representative to minimize biases. Understanding various survey methods and sampling techniques is crucial for data scientists, as it influences the quality and reliability of the data collected, ultimately impacting the conclusions drawn from the research.