Python syntax refers to the set of rules that define how Python code is written and structured. Unlike many programming languages that use curly braces to denote code blocks, Python relies on indentation to indicate the scope of loops, functions, and conditionals. This unique approach enhances code readability and enforces a clean coding style. Understanding Python syntax is essential for writing effective programs, as it dictates how statements are formed and executed. By mastering the basic syntax, including variable declarations, control structures, and function definitions, programmers can harness the full power of Python for various applications.