The binomial distribution is a fundamental concept in probability theory and statistics, representing the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a fixed number of independent Bernoulli trials. Each trial has two possible outcomes: success or failure. The distribution is characterized by parameters n (the number of trials) and p (the probability of success in each trial). Common examples include flipping a coin multiple times or determining the number of successful sales in a given period. Understanding the binomial distribution is essential for analyzing scenarios where outcomes are binary and for conducting statistical tests related to these outcomes.