expected value

What is the expected value?

Towards Data Science

Even if you are not aware of it, expected value is behind many frequently used concepts such as entropy and the mean squared error .For instance, entropy is the expected value of the information…

Expected Value of Random Variables -Explained Simply

Towards Data Science

The expected value of a random variable is the weighted average of all possible values of the variable. The weight here means the probability of the random variable taking a specific value. What is…

The Devil’s Roulette: a Failure of Expected Value

Towards Data Science

With the propagation of data, technocrats and pop-books about statistics an increasingly large portion of the population are familiar with Expected Value. For the uninitiated Expected Value is the…

A Deep Dive into the Science of Statistical Expectation

Towards Data Science

The White Cliffs of Dover (CC BY-SA 3.0) How we come to expect something, what it means to expect anything, and the math that gives rise to the meaning. It was the summer of 1988 when I stepped onto a...

Expected goals, gamestate, and predictiveness

R-bloggers

Introduction “The best predictor for future performance is Expected Goals”, authored by Sander Ijtsma of 11tegen11 in 2015, is one of the most notable articles in public soccer analytics. The write-up...

The Simple but Profound Introduction to Expectation

Towards Data Science

In this article/story we will understand the idea of the Expectation with beautiful graphs and concepts behind it. This story is an extension of this article. The expectation is a value from the…

Wordle Words and Expected Value

R-bloggers

Like many people, I’ve gotten sucked into wordle. For those unfamiliar with the game, you are tasked with identifying a five-letter word. You input a guess (which must be a five-letter word) and are t...

A Guide to Expected Goals

Towards Data Science

Using data to investigate the trends and probabilities of shots and goals

Shapley Values

Christophm Interpretable Machine Learning Book

A prediction can be explained by assuming that each feature value of the instance is a “player” in a game where the prediction is the payout. Shapley values – a method from coalitional game theory – t...

Return Values

Introduction to Programming Using Java

Section 4.4 Return Values A subroutine that returns a value is called a function . A given function can only return a value of a specified type, called the return type of the function. A function call...

Customer lifetime value in a discrete-time contractual setting (math and Python implementation)

Towards Data Science

In a monthly/yearly (i.e., discrete-time) subscription business setting (i.e., contractual), based on our current customer’s characteristics, what is the expected value of a new customer? Here is an…

Missing Values

Kaggle Learn Courses

In this tutorial, you will learn three approaches to **dealing with missing values**. Then you'll compare the effectiveness of these approaches on a real-world dataset. Introduction There are many way...