Numba is an open-source just-in-time (JIT) compiler designed to enhance the performance of Python code, particularly for numerical functions. By leveraging the LLVM compiler infrastructure, Numba translates a subset of Python and NumPy code into optimized machine code, enabling significant speed improvements—often comparable to that of C or C++. It is particularly effective for computationally intensive tasks, such as loops over NumPy arrays. With minimal code modifications, users can apply decorators like @jit or @njit to accelerate their functions, making Numba a powerful tool for developers seeking to optimize their Python applications efficiently.