In Python, numbers are a fundamental data type that allows for various mathematical operations and data manipulations. Python supports three primary numerical types: integers (int), floating-point numbers (float), and complex numbers. Integers represent whole numbers without any decimal points, while floats can include decimal values and are often used for more precise calculations. Complex numbers, which consist of a real and an imaginary part, are also supported. Understanding how to work with these numerical types is essential for effective programming in Python, as they form the basis for many algorithms and data processing tasks.