Scalability refers to the capability of a system, application, or process to handle an increasing amount of work or its potential to be enlarged to accommodate that growth. In the context of system design, scalability is crucial for ensuring that applications can maintain performance and reliability as user demand rises. There are two primary types of scalability: vertical (scale-up), which involves adding resources to a single node, and horizontal (scale-out), which involves adding more nodes to distribute the load. Understanding and implementing effective scalability strategies is essential for future-proofing systems in today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape ¹²⁴.